備註請放最後面 違者新聞文章刪除 1.媒體來源: 外媒 sciencealert 2.記者署名: Mike McRae 3.完整新聞標題: Physicists Catch Light in 'Imaginary Time' in Scientific First 學界首次捕捉到[虛數時間]中的[光] 4.完整新聞內文: Physicists Catch Light in 'Imaginary Time' in Scientific First Physics 30 June 2025 ByMike McRae abstract light (agsandrew/Getty Images Pro/Canva) For the first time, researchers have seen how light behaves during a mysterious phenomenon called 'imaginary time'. When you shine light through almost any transparent material, the gridlock of electromagnetic fields that make up the atomic alleys and side streets will add a significant amount of time to each photon's commute. This delay can tell physicists a lot about how light scatters, revealing details about the matrix of material the photons must navigate. Yet until now, one trick up the theorist's sleeve for measuring light's journey – invoking imaginary time – has not been fully understood in practical terms. 物理學家首次在科學研究中捕捉到「虛時間」中的光 2025年6月30日 由麥克·麥克雷 研究人員首次看到光在被稱為「虛時間」的神秘現像中的行為。 當光線穿過幾乎任何透明材料時，構成原子小巷和小巷的電磁場擁塞將顯著增加每個光子 的通勤時間。 這種延遲可以讓物理學家了解光如何散射，揭示光子必須穿越的物質基質的細節。然而， 迄今為止，理論物理學家測量光程的秘訣——引入虛時間——在實踐中尚未被充分理解。 An experiment conducted by University of Maryland physicists Isabella Giovannelli and Steven Anlage has now revealed precisely what pulses of microwave radiation (a type of light that exists outside the visible spectrum) do while experiencing imaginary time inside a roundabout of cables. Their work also demonstrates how imaginary numbers can describe a very real and measurable process. 由馬裡蘭大學物理學家伊莎貝拉·喬瓦內利和史蒂文·安拉奇進行的一項實驗現已準確揭 示了微波輻射脈衝（一種存在於可見光譜之外的光）在電纜環形結構內經歷虛時間時的行 為。 他們的工作也證明了虛數如何描述非常真實且可測量的過程。 Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves are all forms of light that make up the electromagnetic spectrum, each defined by its wavelength. (NASA, ESA, CSA, Leah Hustak (STScI)/Public Domain) 伽馬射線、X 射線、紫外線、可見光、紅外線、微波和無線電波都是構成電磁波譜的光的 形式，每種形式都由其波長定義。 （NASA、ESA、CSA、Leah Hustak (STScI)/公共領域 ） Imaginary numbers are mathematically convenient tools for solving equations that describe physical phenomena. Handy as they are, they're as abstract as the square root of a negative number, having no practical equivalence in our everyday experience of reality. For pulses of light waves dilly-dallying through a chunk of matter, imaginary numbers have helped solve transmission time delays, but the exact behaviors responsible for their role have never been systematically examined in experiments. Technically, single photons of light can only ever move at a single, constant speed. Yet interactions with surrounding electromagnetic fields can delay a wave's overall journey in complex ways. In the context of light pulses, the actions of collections of waves can be sped up and slowed down in a similar manner. 虛數是數學上用來解描述物理現象方程式的便利工具。雖然虛數很方便，但它們卻像負數 的平方根一樣抽象，在我們日常的現實經驗中沒有實際的對應。 對於在物質塊中緩慢傳輸的光波脈衝，虛數有助於解決傳輸時間延遲問題，但其具體行為 從未在實驗中得到系統檢驗。 從技術角度來看，單一光子只能以單一的恆定速度傳播。然而，與周圍電磁場的相互作用 會以複雜的方式延遲波的整體傳播路徑。在光脈衝的背景下，波的集合體的移動可以以類 似的方式加速或減慢。 This means a pulse of light waves can be negative, technically moving faster than its individual photons. Positive and negative values – both real and imaginary – can paint a picture of the photonic traffic conditions making up a material. The experiment's apparatus consisted of a pair of coaxial cables connected in a circle, representing a simple and well-understood network of pathways for pulses of microwave light to travel through. They also made use of cutting-edge oscilloscopes that could detect incredibly small shifts in frequency. 這意味著光波脈衝可以是負的，嚴格來說，其運動速度比單一光子的速度更快。正值和負 值——無論是實數還是虛數——都可以描繪出構成某種物質的光子流動狀況。 實驗裝置由一對連接成環形的同軸電纜組成，代表著一個簡單且易於理解的微波脈衝傳播 路徑網絡。他們還使用了能夠探測到極度微小的頻率變化的尖端示波器。 https://ibb.co/YSJBgfM Coaxial cables connected as a 'ring graph' serve as a material for microwaves to pass through. (Giovannelli, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2025) 以「環狀圖」連接的同軸電纜充當微波的傳輸介質。 （Giovannelli，《物理評論快報》 ，2025年） By tinkering with the pulses and measuring the effects, Giovannelli and Anlage could untangle exactly how the patterns of waves within each pulse change with respect to values predicted by real and imaginary components of their equations. "It's sort of like a hidden degree of freedom that people ignored," Anlage explained to Karmela Padavic-Callaghan at New Scientist. "I think what we've done is bring it out and give it a physical meaning." 透過調整脈衝並測量其效果，Giovannelli 和 Anlage 可以準確地解開每個脈衝內的波形 如何根據其方程式的實部和虛部預測的值而變化。 「這有點像人們忽略的一種隱藏的自由度，」安拉格向《新科學家》雜誌的卡梅拉·帕達 維奇·卡拉漢解釋道。 “我認為我們所做的就是將其展現出來並賦予其物理意義。” The imaginary numbers weren't describing some bizarre microwave daydream, but rather a tiny shift in the carrier wave's frequency as it passes through a material thanks to the way the transmitted pulse was absorbed. Where previously this figure was ignored as, well, imaginary, it can now be connected to the physical operations that allow pulses of light waves to move quicker than the very photons they're composed of. Just imagine. This research has been accepted for publication by Physical Review Letters. 這些虛數並不是描述某種奇怪的微波白日夢，而是由於發射脈衝被吸收的方式，載波頻率 在穿過材料時發生的微小變化。 以前，這個數字被當作假想的而忽略，而現在它可以與物理操作聯繫起來，使得光波脈衝 的移動速度比組成它們的光子更快。 想像一下。 該研究已被《物理評論快報》接受發表。 5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體: https://reurl.cc/2Kxmo4 6.備註: 安德森時空引擎有譜了 https://youtu.be/KEOwxXo8gk4?si=vwJv1V9TaoHH6Gw5&t=740 https://ibb.co/1JvccPXX -- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-QXmqX7k8Q 劉德華 悟 電影【新少林寺】主題曲 https://youtu.be/dLRLWy7bKS4 作曲：趙欽 作詞：劉德華 《金剛總持祈請文》 編曲：Adam Lee．飾墜．陳德建 蔣巴桑波 (第七世噶瑪巴確扎嘉措之根本上師) 著 監製：陳德建．李安修 不要把金王冠織入鳥巢中 招惹微風與獵槍是不明智的 依常斷見所立宗 能壞慧命因緣法 精勤十善一夜盡 縱生天人多闡提 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 59.124.203.223 (臺灣) ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1751254114.A.942.html